What’s the difference between bandwidth and latency?

If you’ve been trying to figure out “Why is my internet so slow?” recently, you’ve probably stumbled upon a few tech terms, like download speed, upload speed, bandwidth and latency.

While it is important to understand download vs. upload speed when it comes to slow internet, you also need to know the difference between bandwidth and latency.

Understanding bandwidth and latency

Before we explain the difference between bandwidth and latency and why they’re important, let’s define these terms.

What is bandwidth?

Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data your internet service provider can transfer from one point to another. The two components of bandwidth are your download speed and upload speed, which are measured in megabits per second, or Mbps. Think of bandwidth as a pipe — the wider it is, the more data can be transferred at one time.

What is latency?

Latency refers to the time it takes for data to travel from one point to another. You may also hear latency referred to as “ping” during a speed test. Your latency, or ping time, is usually measured as milliseconds, or ms. Using our pipe analogy, think of latency as the water pressure or how quickly data moves through the pipe.

So, what’s the difference?

The difference between bandwidth and latency comes down to what they are measuring. Bandwidth looks at the amount of data being transferred, while latency looks at the amount of time it takes data to transfer.

These two terms come together as throughput, which refers to the amount of data that is being transferred over a set time. If you have high bandwidth and low latency, then you have a greater throughput because more data is being transferred faster.

Why do bandwidth and latency matter?

For more casual internet users, bandwidth and latency may not be as important for everyday tasks. However, when it comes to certain internet activities that require both downloading and uploading data — such as playing video games, streaming movies and music or video chatting — then your throughput is more important.

Latency vs. throughput

Both latency and throughput measure your network’s performance, but they look at different processes. While latency measures the time it takes data to travel from one point to another, throughput measures how much of that data is going through in a certain period of time. 

As explained by Amazon, “A network with low throughput and high latency struggles to send and process high data volume, which results in congestion and poor application performance. In contrast, a network with high throughput and low latency is responsive and efficient. Users experience improved performance and increased satisfaction.” 

What is high latency?

High latency means your computer and network is waiting too long for a response to your inquiry, like playing a game or watching a show. It can cause a website to not load, a game or movie to stall or your Zoom conference freeze. 

What is low latency? 

Low latency, or less time for inquiries to return to your computer, is what you want for your network. Frontier explains, “A good latency means a network can retain a good connection regardless of the amount of user data being communicated to the server. Although milliseconds are the standard measurement unit for latency, latency can also be defined in terms of graphic updates, known as the ping rate.”

What to do about low bandwidth or high latency

If you suspect your network is not performing optimally due to low bandwidth or high latency, you might want to do some investigating.

First, run a speed test to get your download speed, upload speed and ping. Run the test multiple times throughout the day over an Ethernet cord and Wi-Fi connection, as well as with and without devices connected.

Keep note of each result. In general, the download and upload speeds of your internet connection using an ethernet cord should be within 80% of your advertised speeds. For latency, anything under 100 ms is fine; however, if you play video games, stream or video chat, you’ll want a latency of less than 50 ms.

Running multiple tests can help you identify the problem. For instance, if you notice that your connection is slower at night, it may result from using the internet during “rush hour” when everyone else is as well. Cable internet users share bandwidth with every other user on the network, so this is a common culprit. If your connection is otherwise fine except when you’re streaming, your ISP may be throttling your internet.

Next, take a look at your modem and router. If the software is outdated or your hardware hasn’t been upgraded in a few years, it may simply be a case that your modem and router can’t handle your bandwidth. If you rent equipment from your ISP, call to ask about any upgrades or consider purchasing your own modem and router.

If all else fails and you’re still concerned about bandwidth and latency, it may be time to consider switching plans or changing providers altogether. Upgrading your plan from, say, a 25 Mbps option to a 100 Mbps plan will improve your bandwidth but not necessarily your latency. Alternatively, changing from a satellite connection to DSL or cable to a fiber-optic connection can reduce your latency.

Latency FAQs